Core BESS Technology

The Chemistry That Changes
Everything About Energy Storage.

Sodium-ion NFPP — non-flammable by chemistry, not by design. Coulomb Technology's Core BESS platform is built on a fundamentally safer, longer-lasting, and more cost-effective cell chemistry than anything lithium-ion can offer.

Thermal Runaway Risk
Non-flammable NFPP chemistry
6,000+
Deep Cycle Life
At 80% depth of discharge
20yr
Projected Battery Life
Verified duty-cycle testing
14%
Lower 15-Year TCO
vs. liquid-cooled LFP

What Is a Battery Energy Storage System?

A Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) is a rechargeable battery platform that stores electrical energy and releases it on demand — allowing facilities, fleets, and infrastructure operators to control when and how they consume power from the grid, a generator, or a renewable source.

Store Energy. Use It When You Need It.

A BESS charges during off-peak hours or from solar/wind generation, then discharges during peak demand — reducing utility bills, providing backup power, and smoothing out grid instability.

The Battery Is Only Part of the System.

A complete BESS includes battery cells, a Battery Management System (BMS), power conversion electronics, and software. The chemistry of the cells determines safety, lifespan, and total cost — which is why cell selection matters more than most buyers realize.

Not All BESS Are Built the Same.

Most commercial BESS products use lithium-iron-phosphate (LFP) chemistry — which is flammable, requires active thermal management, and degrades over time. Coulomb Technology's Core BESS uses sodium-ion NFPP chemistry, which eliminates these liabilities at the molecular level.

Three Reasons Sodium-Ion NFPP
Outperforms Lithium-Ion.

Lithium-ion dominates the market — but it carries three fundamental liabilities that make it the wrong choice for industrial, defense, and mission-critical applications. Coulomb Technology's sodium-ion NFPP chemistry was engineered to eliminate all three, without compromise on performance.

01 — Safety

Non-Flammable
by Chemistry.

NFPP (sodium iron pyrophosphate) is structurally incapable of thermal runaway. This is not a design feature or a safety system — it is a fundamental property of the chemistry itself.

  • No thermal runaway under any abuse condition — puncture, overcharge, or short circuit
  • Eliminates fire suppression systems, reducing CapEx and AHJ approval friction
  • Safe for enclosed industrial environments where lithium-ion is prohibited or restricted
  • Dramatically lower insurance premiums — no thermal runaway liability
02 — Performance

6,000 Cycles.
20-Year Life.

Sodium-ion NFPP delivers verified 6,000+ deep cycles at 80% depth of discharge — outperforming standard LFP by 50% and projecting a 20-year operational life in real-world duty cycles.

  • 6,000+ cycles at 80% DOD — vs. 4,000 cycles for standard LFP chemistry
  • Stable capacity retention across full temperature range: −30°C to +60°C
  • No capacity fade from deep discharge — no minimum state-of-charge requirement
  • Zero maintenance: no watering, no equalization, no acid management
03 — Economics

14% Lower TCO.
No Hidden Costs.

Higher initial CapEx is more than offset by eliminating HVAC, augmentation, fire suppression, and maintenance costs over a 15-year lifecycle — delivering a 14% lower total cost of ownership per kWh.

  • No HVAC required — air-cooled design eliminates $28/kWh in lifecycle HVAC costs
  • No augmentation — stable capacity means no mid-life battery replacement
  • Sodium is 1,000× more abundant than lithium — no supply chain risk or price volatility
  • Made in America pathway — meets DOD and federal procurement requirements

How NFPP Chemistry Works.

Sodium iron pyrophosphate (NFPP) is a cathode material in the sodium-ion family. Unlike lithium-ion chemistries — which store energy by intercalating lithium ions into flammable organic electrolytes — NFPP uses sodium ions and a stable inorganic structure that cannot sustain combustion.

Na⁺
Sodium Ion Carrier
Sodium ions carry charge between cathode and anode — the same electrochemical principle as lithium-ion, but with a fundamentally safer carrier ion and electrode chemistry.
Fe
Iron Pyrophosphate Cathode
The NFPP cathode uses iron and phosphate — earth-abundant, non-toxic materials with a stable crystal structure that does not release oxygen under stress, eliminating the root cause of thermal runaway.
Stable Electrolyte
NFPP operates with a non-flammable electrolyte system. Without a flammable electrolyte and an oxygen-releasing cathode, the two ingredients required for thermal runaway are both absent.
Safe Under Abuse
Nail penetration, overcharge to 200%, external short circuit, and crush testing all produce no fire, no explosion, and no toxic gas release — verified under IEC 62619 and UN 38.3 protocols.

Built for Duty Cycles That
Destroy Lithium-Ion.

Industrial and defense applications demand batteries that perform at the extremes — deep daily cycling, wide temperature ranges, and decades of continuous operation. NFPP chemistry is engineered for exactly these conditions.

01 — Cycle Life

6,000 Cycles at 80% DoD.

Most lithium-ion LFP batteries are rated for 3,500–4,000 cycles at 80% depth of discharge. NFPP delivers 6,000+ cycles under the same conditions — a 50% improvement that translates directly into a longer asset life and lower replacement costs.

No capacity cliff NFPP capacity degrades linearly — no sudden end-of-life cliff that forces premature replacement.
20-year projected life At one full cycle per day, 6,000 cycles projects to over 16 years — with conservative duty cycles exceeding 20 years.
No augmentation required Stable long-term capacity means no mid-life battery augmentation — eliminating a major hidden cost of LFP systems.
NFPP Sodium-Ion (Coulomb Technology) 6,000+ cycles
Standard LFP (Liquid-Cooled) ~4,000 cycles
NMC Lithium-Ion ~2,000 cycles
Lead-Acid (VRLA) ~500 cycles
Cycle life at 80% depth of discharge. Sources: manufacturer datasheets, IEC 62619 testing.
02 — Temperature Range

Operates Where Lithium-Ion Fails.

Lithium-ion batteries lose 20–40% capacity at −20°C and require active thermal management above 45°C. NFPP chemistry maintains stable performance from −30°C to +60°C — with no HVAC required and no capacity penalty at temperature extremes.

−30°C to +60°C operating range Full capacity retention across the entire range — no derating, no heaters, no chillers.
No HVAC required Air-cooled design eliminates the HVAC systems that add $28/kWh in lifecycle costs to liquid-cooled LFP.
Ideal for outdoor and harsh environments Desert heat, arctic cold, and humid coastal environments — NFPP performs where LFP requires expensive thermal management.
NFPP at −20°C (capacity retention) ~92%
LFP at −20°C (capacity retention) ~65%
NMC at −20°C (capacity retention) ~50%
Lead-Acid at −20°C (capacity retention) ~40%
Capacity retention at −20°C vs. rated capacity at 25°C. Approximate values from published testing data.

NFPP Sodium-Ion vs. Lithium-Ion.

A direct comparison across the criteria that matter most in industrial, defense, and mission-critical deployments.

Coulomb Technology NFPP Liquid-Cooled LFP
Thermal Runaway Risk Zero — non-flammable by chemistry Present — requires thermal management
Cycle Life (80% DoD) 6,000+ cycles 3,500–4,000 cycles
Projected Battery Life 20 years 10–12 years
HVAC Requirement None — air-cooled Required — adds $28/kWh lifecycle cost
Maintenance Zero — fully maintenance-free Periodic inspection & thermal system service
Augmentation Required No — stable capacity over life Yes — mid-life augmentation typical
Temperature Range −30°C to +60°C 0°C to +45°C (with HVAC)
Supply Chain Risk Low — sodium is 1,000× more abundant High — lithium, cobalt geopolitical exposure
15-Year TCO / kWh $126/kWh $146/kWh
Fire Suppression Required No Yes — AHJ requirement in most jurisdictions

14% Lower Total Cost of Ownership.

Higher initial CapEx is offset by eliminating HVAC, augmentation, fire suppression, and maintenance costs. Over 15 years, NFPP delivers a 14% lower total cost of ownership per kWh — despite costing more upfront.

$126
NFPP 15-yr TCO / kWh
$146
LFP 15-yr TCO / kWh
14%
Total savings
15-Year Cost Breakdown ($/kWh)
Liquid-Cooled LFP — Total $146/kWh$146
CapEx $75 · HVAC $28 · O&M $18 · Insurance $14 · Augmentation $11
Coulomb Technology NFPP — Total $126/kWh$126
CapEx $91 · HVAC $0 · O&M $14 · Insurance $12 · Augmentation $0
✓ $20/kWh saved over 15 years — despite higher initial CapEx

Built for the Applications
That Demand the Most.

NFPP sodium-ion chemistry was designed for environments where lithium-ion's flammability, maintenance requirements, and supply chain risk are unacceptable.

Commercial & Industrial

Peak shaving, demand charge reduction, and backup power for commercial facilities — without the fire suppression overhead that makes LFP expensive to permit and insure.

Defense & Government

Forward operating bases, critical infrastructure, and government facilities where non-flammable chemistry, supply chain security, and Made in America compliance are non-negotiable.

Motive / Traction Batteries

Forklifts, AGVs, and material handling equipment in enclosed warehouses and cold storage facilities — where thermal runaway risk from lithium-ion is a liability no operator can accept.

Renewable Integration

Solar-plus-storage and wind integration projects where 20-year battery life aligns with the asset life of the renewable generation system — eliminating mid-life battery replacement costs.

Critical Infrastructure

Telecom towers, data centers, and utility substations requiring long-duration backup power with zero maintenance overhead and no thermal management infrastructure.

OEM & System Integration

Open-protocol BMS with Modbus TCP, CAN Bus, and RS-485 — integrates with any inverter, EMS, or SCADA stack. Designed for integrators and OEMs who need a battery block, not a closed ecosystem.

Talk to Our Applications Engineering Team.

Our team will walk you through the chemistry, model your 15-year TCO, and help you determine whether NFPP sodium-ion is the right fit for your application.